July 19, 2006
Legacy Ridge next in line
Woodbury sets public hearing
By Chris McKenna
Times Herald-Record
cmckenna@th-record.com
Woodbury - The town spotlight now shifts to a second proposal for a gated community seeking zoning accommodations similar to those Bill Brodsky got last month for his 451-home WP3 project.
Town Board members have set an Aug. 1 date for people to weigh in on 287-home Legacy Ridge after determining that the developer's seven-binder draft environmental impact statement was complete.
The houses would be built on slightly more than 300 acres off Smith Clove and Trout Brook roads, a quiet area near Cornwall in the northern part of town. All would have four bedrooms and cost $625,000 on average, according to the environmental statement. Most lots would be a little more than an acre.
The Legacy Ridge proposal surfaced in November 2004 at the same time as Brodsky's project. Like its twin across town, Legacy Ridge is seeking a reduction in the minimum lot size and classification as a "conservation cluster development" to increase the number of homes allowed.
In the case of Legacy Ridge, that would mean building 287 houses instead of the 164 allowed under current zoning.
In return, Millennium Homes, the Livingston, N.J., builder behind the project, is offering to donate 430 acres to the town for open space and upgrade an aging sewage plant that would serve its 287 houses. The developer would also turn over the water supply and water storage tanks it would build. Though smaller, the project has aroused some of the same concerns about traffic and school taxes that Brodsky's proposal raised. Some of the strongest criticism has come from neighboring Cornwall, the school district that Legacy Ridge children would attend.
The public hearing is set for 7:30 p.m. Aug. 1 at the IBEW training center, 27 Commerce Drive South, Harriman. The environmental statement may be viewed at www.hdrprojects.com/legacyridgeeis/.
Wednesday, July 19, 2006
Saturday, July 15, 2006
What is a strategist inflection point?
Many people have asked me about my comment other night on what is a strategist inflection point?
Strategy formulation and implementation is an on-going, never-ending, integrated process requiring continuous reassessment and reformation. Strategic management is dynamic.It involves a complex pattern of actions and reactions. It is partially planned and partially unplanned. Strategy is both planned and emergent, dynamic, and interactive. Some people (such as Andy Grove at Intel) feel that there are critical points at which a strategy must take a new direction in order to be in step with a changing business environment. These critical points of change are called strategic inflection points.
Strategic management operates on several time scales. Short term strategies involve planning and managing for the present. Long term strategies involve preparing for and preempting the future. Marketing strategist Derek Abell (1993), has suggested that understanding this dual nature of strategic management is the least understood part of the process. He claims that balancing the temporal aspects of strategic planning requires the use of dual strategies simultaneously.
Strategy formulation and implementation is an on-going, never-ending, integrated process requiring continuous reassessment and reformation. Strategic management is dynamic.It involves a complex pattern of actions and reactions. It is partially planned and partially unplanned. Strategy is both planned and emergent, dynamic, and interactive. Some people (such as Andy Grove at Intel) feel that there are critical points at which a strategy must take a new direction in order to be in step with a changing business environment. These critical points of change are called strategic inflection points.
Strategic management operates on several time scales. Short term strategies involve planning and managing for the present. Long term strategies involve preparing for and preempting the future. Marketing strategist Derek Abell (1993), has suggested that understanding this dual nature of strategic management is the least understood part of the process. He claims that balancing the temporal aspects of strategic planning requires the use of dual strategies simultaneously.
Resident asks: ‘Are you prepared to fight?’
Resident asks: ‘Are you prepared to fight?’
To the editor:
When questioned as to why he changed his mind and subsequently his vote on an issue that he once opposed not so long ago, Councilman Michael Aronowitz of the Woodbury Town Board cited preserving the quality of life as one of the main reasons he voted in favor of the WP3 project, slated to be built along Nininger Road in Woodbury.
This project, when combined with the planned Legacy Ridge development, also in Woodbury, will add 738 homes and in my estimation will bring 1,200 to 1,500 more vehicles to a town already strangled by traffic and to an area that has one of the worst air quality ratings in the state.
That’s not what I would call preserving the quality of life. Not when you consider that the children of our community, while attending the nearby schools and who represent our very future, will be forced to breathe in additional amounts of extremely unhealthy air.
Over the next five to ten years the impact on the environment along with the associated increased health risks will be devastating. With the amount of children contracting asthma and other chronic illnesses due to increases in air pollution at an all time high in this country, it makes his decision to vote in the affirmative all the more disturbing.
With that in mind, I would like to know if his supposed concern extends to all of Woodbury or just a few select areas, The reason I ask is because it has come to my attention that the municipality of Kiryas Joel is already putting together a petition to annex property which they own in Woodbury into their village. This parcel of land lies along Bakertown Road extending west and is very close to where my family and I live. I have already spoken to Town Supervisor John Burke, the lone dissenting vote on the aforementioned projects, about his position in regard to this issue. He assured me that he is prepared to fight annexation in any part of Woodbury for as long as it takes.
So my question to Mr. Aronowitz and the other three Town Board members is: Do you share Mr. Burke’s values and are you prepared to fight to protect the interests of those of us who live in this area and are under the constant threat of properties in close proximity to our homes being annexed into K.J., thus affecting our quality of life? Are you prepared to fight now and in the future for all of the residents along County Road 105 including the Sisters who reside at Bethany Retreat? Are you prepared to fight for the residents of Bakertown Road, Blueberry Lane, Campbell Avenue, Seven Springs Road and anyone else who might be affected by this? Are you prepared to fight annexation no matter what or do you plan to tell us that we’re all expendable?
I would hope that as elected officials you are committed to protecting the sanctity of Woodbury and EVERY citizen who resides within its boundaries.
Bob Reveille
Highland Mills
To the editor:
When questioned as to why he changed his mind and subsequently his vote on an issue that he once opposed not so long ago, Councilman Michael Aronowitz of the Woodbury Town Board cited preserving the quality of life as one of the main reasons he voted in favor of the WP3 project, slated to be built along Nininger Road in Woodbury.
This project, when combined with the planned Legacy Ridge development, also in Woodbury, will add 738 homes and in my estimation will bring 1,200 to 1,500 more vehicles to a town already strangled by traffic and to an area that has one of the worst air quality ratings in the state.
That’s not what I would call preserving the quality of life. Not when you consider that the children of our community, while attending the nearby schools and who represent our very future, will be forced to breathe in additional amounts of extremely unhealthy air.
Over the next five to ten years the impact on the environment along with the associated increased health risks will be devastating. With the amount of children contracting asthma and other chronic illnesses due to increases in air pollution at an all time high in this country, it makes his decision to vote in the affirmative all the more disturbing.
With that in mind, I would like to know if his supposed concern extends to all of Woodbury or just a few select areas, The reason I ask is because it has come to my attention that the municipality of Kiryas Joel is already putting together a petition to annex property which they own in Woodbury into their village. This parcel of land lies along Bakertown Road extending west and is very close to where my family and I live. I have already spoken to Town Supervisor John Burke, the lone dissenting vote on the aforementioned projects, about his position in regard to this issue. He assured me that he is prepared to fight annexation in any part of Woodbury for as long as it takes.
So my question to Mr. Aronowitz and the other three Town Board members is: Do you share Mr. Burke’s values and are you prepared to fight to protect the interests of those of us who live in this area and are under the constant threat of properties in close proximity to our homes being annexed into K.J., thus affecting our quality of life? Are you prepared to fight now and in the future for all of the residents along County Road 105 including the Sisters who reside at Bethany Retreat? Are you prepared to fight for the residents of Bakertown Road, Blueberry Lane, Campbell Avenue, Seven Springs Road and anyone else who might be affected by this? Are you prepared to fight annexation no matter what or do you plan to tell us that we’re all expendable?
I would hope that as elected officials you are committed to protecting the sanctity of Woodbury and EVERY citizen who resides within its boundaries.
Bob Reveille
Highland Mills
Wednesday, July 12, 2006
Wi-Fi access across upstate
Schumer unveils plan to promote Wi-Fi access across upstate
In light of the rapid growth of wireless internet access in major cities across the country, U.S. Senator Charles Schumer Tuesday announced a new plan to bring wireless, including “Wi-Fi” (wireless fidelity), high speed internet access to homes, businesses, and communities across upstate New York.
The state currently ranks 31st among all 50 states in percentage of households with an internet connection. Dozens of communities across upstate are looking to create Wi-Fi networks in public places, and even, covering the entire region. Schumer’s plan includes creating a federal resource for local communities who are looking to create wireless networks and tax incentives for individuals and businesses that purchase broadband or Wi-Fi equipment.
Right now, most wireless “hot spots” are limited to chain restaurants, coffee shops, and hotels (McDonalds, Starbucks, and Best Western provide Wi-Fi access). However, some local governments across upstate New York, as large as Buffalo and Rochester and as small as Tivoli and Oneonta, have contracted with private companies to create wider-scoped networks to cover public places and entire communities.
There are currently 797 Wi-Fi hotspots in all of upstate New York. There are 18 wireless high-speed internet “hot spots” currently active in the Hudson Valley. The counties with urban centers typically have seven high-speed internet providers and the more rural counties have 3 or less.
In order to promote the expansion of Wi-Fi networks in communities across upstate New York, Schumer announced a new three-point plan to direct federal resources and expertise to help local governments establish wireless networks, and provide broadband service to rural and underserved communities.
Create a Comprehensive Federal Resource for Communities Looking to Start Wi-Fi Networks: Schumer is calling on Secretary of Commerce Carlos Gutierrez to create a series of federal standards and best practices for creating wireless networks so communities who want to create these networks can navigate through any potential problems and can create a system that suits their needs.
Schumer also called on the Commerce Department to coordinate with the FBI to craft a set of specific security standards to protect wireless users and prevent criminals from taking advantage of public internet services.
Tax Breaks for Broadband and Wi-Fi Expansion: Schumer is pushing the bi-partisan Broadband Tax Enhancement Act, led by Senator Jay Rockefeller (D-WV), which passed the Senate Finance Committee last week. Schumer’s legislation would permit individuals and businesses to deduct from their taxable income costs associated with the installation and connection of broadband and wireless networks in rural or underserved areas. This could significantly reduce the cost of creating Wi-Fi networks and expanding existing broadband networks for consumers and businesses.
Federal Funding to Expand Broadband in Rural and Underserved Communities: Schumer announced his going to offer an amendment to the Agriculture Appropriations bill that would increase by $50 million, or a 10 percent increase, funding for the Rural Development Broadband Loan and Loan Guarantee Program.
In light of the rapid growth of wireless internet access in major cities across the country, U.S. Senator Charles Schumer Tuesday announced a new plan to bring wireless, including “Wi-Fi” (wireless fidelity), high speed internet access to homes, businesses, and communities across upstate New York.
The state currently ranks 31st among all 50 states in percentage of households with an internet connection. Dozens of communities across upstate are looking to create Wi-Fi networks in public places, and even, covering the entire region. Schumer’s plan includes creating a federal resource for local communities who are looking to create wireless networks and tax incentives for individuals and businesses that purchase broadband or Wi-Fi equipment.
Right now, most wireless “hot spots” are limited to chain restaurants, coffee shops, and hotels (McDonalds, Starbucks, and Best Western provide Wi-Fi access). However, some local governments across upstate New York, as large as Buffalo and Rochester and as small as Tivoli and Oneonta, have contracted with private companies to create wider-scoped networks to cover public places and entire communities.
There are currently 797 Wi-Fi hotspots in all of upstate New York. There are 18 wireless high-speed internet “hot spots” currently active in the Hudson Valley. The counties with urban centers typically have seven high-speed internet providers and the more rural counties have 3 or less.
In order to promote the expansion of Wi-Fi networks in communities across upstate New York, Schumer announced a new three-point plan to direct federal resources and expertise to help local governments establish wireless networks, and provide broadband service to rural and underserved communities.
Create a Comprehensive Federal Resource for Communities Looking to Start Wi-Fi Networks: Schumer is calling on Secretary of Commerce Carlos Gutierrez to create a series of federal standards and best practices for creating wireless networks so communities who want to create these networks can navigate through any potential problems and can create a system that suits their needs.
Schumer also called on the Commerce Department to coordinate with the FBI to craft a set of specific security standards to protect wireless users and prevent criminals from taking advantage of public internet services.
Tax Breaks for Broadband and Wi-Fi Expansion: Schumer is pushing the bi-partisan Broadband Tax Enhancement Act, led by Senator Jay Rockefeller (D-WV), which passed the Senate Finance Committee last week. Schumer’s legislation would permit individuals and businesses to deduct from their taxable income costs associated with the installation and connection of broadband and wireless networks in rural or underserved areas. This could significantly reduce the cost of creating Wi-Fi networks and expanding existing broadband networks for consumers and businesses.
Federal Funding to Expand Broadband in Rural and Underserved Communities: Schumer announced his going to offer an amendment to the Agriculture Appropriations bill that would increase by $50 million, or a 10 percent increase, funding for the Rural Development Broadband Loan and Loan Guarantee Program.
Monday, July 10, 2006
Residents mobilize
July 10, 2006
Residents mobilize against KJ By Chris McKennaTimes Herald-Recordcmckenna@th-record.com
In southern Blooming Grove, residents pour into a firehouse and vote overwhelmingly to form their own village, even if that means placing another layer of government - and taxes - over themselves.
A week later, two other momentous votes: one to stop Kiryas Joel from erecting water storage tanks on Orange County parkland and the other to let a developer build 451 homes in neighboring Woodbury.
Three closely watched votes in the space of a week, all tied directly or indirectly to Kiryas Joel and its growth. Each outcome reflected, to some degree, a growing determination by neighbors to prevent the village from encroaching - even if that meant extraordinary steps.
Take the decision in Woodbury.
It's almost unthinkable that people in Orange County would mobilize in support of a housing development, much less a big one that needs zoning breaks. The usual course would be to wage war against it.
But Thursday night, a crowd cheered as the Woodbury Town Board cleared the way for 451 new houses. Why were they celebrating? At least partly because it meant those 400 acres would never sprout something worse, in their view: Kiryas Joel-style condominium buildings.
"Granted, it's going to create more volume," supporter Steve Gunset reasoned after the board vote. "But if Kiryas Joel were to get it, it would create 30 times that volume."
Kiryas Joel's diminished clout has been evident since 2004, when opponents pressured the county government into challenging the village's plans to tap the Catskill Aqueduct. The pendulum swung toward the critics, whose enormous grass-roots support suddenly countered the power of Kiryas Joel's voting bloc.
The three recent votes have underscored this new political landscape, one of perpetual conflict for Kiryas Joel's leaders.
"We're very concerned and nervous about the reaction of ordinary people," Gedalye Szegedin, the village administrator, said Friday. "We believe that ordinary people are misled by a few who want to use Kiryas Joel to scare people away."
But those on the opposite side of the debate make a similar charge about Kiryas Joel's leaders - that their tactics and rhetoric invite opposition, to the detriment of their constituents.
Jonathan Swiller, the Woodbury activist whose organization, OCEAN, fought the water tanks and supported the 451-home Woodbury project, regards those and the Blooming Grove votes as a repudiation of the insensitivity of Kiryas Joel's leadership.
"They are all, in one way or another, reactions to the way that Szegedin deals with his neighbors, which is to say, with disdain," Swiller said.
In the end, the growth causing so much strife comes down to an unchanging cultural pattern. Each year, up to 200 couples marry and settle in Kiryas Joel. For the leadership, that means roughly the same number of homes must be built on a shrinking supply of village land.
"Kiryas Joel doesn't want to take over Woodbury," Szegedin said. "Kiryas Joel doesn't want to take over Monroe. Kiryas Joel doesn't want to take over Blooming Grove. We want to provide for the couple of hundred marriages that take place in Kiryas Joel in a year."
Residents mobilize against KJ By Chris McKennaTimes Herald-Recordcmckenna@th-record.com
In southern Blooming Grove, residents pour into a firehouse and vote overwhelmingly to form their own village, even if that means placing another layer of government - and taxes - over themselves.
A week later, two other momentous votes: one to stop Kiryas Joel from erecting water storage tanks on Orange County parkland and the other to let a developer build 451 homes in neighboring Woodbury.
Three closely watched votes in the space of a week, all tied directly or indirectly to Kiryas Joel and its growth. Each outcome reflected, to some degree, a growing determination by neighbors to prevent the village from encroaching - even if that meant extraordinary steps.
Take the decision in Woodbury.
It's almost unthinkable that people in Orange County would mobilize in support of a housing development, much less a big one that needs zoning breaks. The usual course would be to wage war against it.
But Thursday night, a crowd cheered as the Woodbury Town Board cleared the way for 451 new houses. Why were they celebrating? At least partly because it meant those 400 acres would never sprout something worse, in their view: Kiryas Joel-style condominium buildings.
"Granted, it's going to create more volume," supporter Steve Gunset reasoned after the board vote. "But if Kiryas Joel were to get it, it would create 30 times that volume."
Kiryas Joel's diminished clout has been evident since 2004, when opponents pressured the county government into challenging the village's plans to tap the Catskill Aqueduct. The pendulum swung toward the critics, whose enormous grass-roots support suddenly countered the power of Kiryas Joel's voting bloc.
The three recent votes have underscored this new political landscape, one of perpetual conflict for Kiryas Joel's leaders.
"We're very concerned and nervous about the reaction of ordinary people," Gedalye Szegedin, the village administrator, said Friday. "We believe that ordinary people are misled by a few who want to use Kiryas Joel to scare people away."
But those on the opposite side of the debate make a similar charge about Kiryas Joel's leaders - that their tactics and rhetoric invite opposition, to the detriment of their constituents.
Jonathan Swiller, the Woodbury activist whose organization, OCEAN, fought the water tanks and supported the 451-home Woodbury project, regards those and the Blooming Grove votes as a repudiation of the insensitivity of Kiryas Joel's leadership.
"They are all, in one way or another, reactions to the way that Szegedin deals with his neighbors, which is to say, with disdain," Swiller said.
In the end, the growth causing so much strife comes down to an unchanging cultural pattern. Each year, up to 200 couples marry and settle in Kiryas Joel. For the leadership, that means roughly the same number of homes must be built on a shrinking supply of village land.
"Kiryas Joel doesn't want to take over Woodbury," Szegedin said. "Kiryas Joel doesn't want to take over Monroe. Kiryas Joel doesn't want to take over Blooming Grove. We want to provide for the couple of hundred marriages that take place in Kiryas Joel in a year."
Friday, July 07, 2006
Take the parkland by eminent domain.
July 07, 2006
Legislature rejects KJ water tank plan
Officials mull new pumping options
By Brendan Scott
Times Herald-Record
bscott@th-record.com
Goshen - Whether you see it as a victory for open space or the latest political rebuke against the Village of Kiryas Joel, Orange County lawmakers last night rejected the village's plan to build a pair of water storage tanks in a new county park.
The decisive "no" vote capped off more than a month of debate over what might have otherwise appeared a simple request for a favor: Kiryas Joel said it needed to erect the tanks in the Gonzaga property to boost water pressure for firefighting.
The towns that surround the Hasidic community, however, argued the move was an unnecessary land grab by Kiryas Joel. Thus, the water tank proposal provided yet another rallying cry against the village's explosive growth and strong political influence.
"The fact that it would be inconvenient or more expensive to the village to install pumping stations versus water towers on high ground should not scare you on this Legislature from deciding this issue for a village that builds first and plans later," said Phyllis Rampulla of South Blooming Grove, one of more than 100 in the audience.
The Legislature agreed. The proposal failed 2-17 with one absence and one abstention.
But if anything, last night's vote underscored how the political influence of Kiryas Joel's critics has eclipsed that of the village in the county Legislature. The result follows the Legislature's 2004 decision to sue the village and stall its unrelated plan to draw water from the New York City Aqueduct.
As during that vote, County Executive Ed Diana stayed silent during the water tank debate, even though he had carried the proposal to the Legislature. Like two years ago, Legislator Michael Amo, R-Central Valley, whose district is dominated by Kiryas Joel, argued that the village was being singled out.
But several lawmakers who said they might have otherwise supported the water tank proposal said Kiryas Joel failed to convince him that building the tanks on the Gonzaga land was necessary.
After the vote, Kiryas Joel Administrator Gedalye Szegedin said the village's options included building a pumping station, erecting a higher tower or trying to take the parkland by eminent domain.
Legislature rejects KJ water tank plan
Officials mull new pumping options
By Brendan Scott
Times Herald-Record
bscott@th-record.com
Goshen - Whether you see it as a victory for open space or the latest political rebuke against the Village of Kiryas Joel, Orange County lawmakers last night rejected the village's plan to build a pair of water storage tanks in a new county park.
The decisive "no" vote capped off more than a month of debate over what might have otherwise appeared a simple request for a favor: Kiryas Joel said it needed to erect the tanks in the Gonzaga property to boost water pressure for firefighting.
The towns that surround the Hasidic community, however, argued the move was an unnecessary land grab by Kiryas Joel. Thus, the water tank proposal provided yet another rallying cry against the village's explosive growth and strong political influence.
"The fact that it would be inconvenient or more expensive to the village to install pumping stations versus water towers on high ground should not scare you on this Legislature from deciding this issue for a village that builds first and plans later," said Phyllis Rampulla of South Blooming Grove, one of more than 100 in the audience.
The Legislature agreed. The proposal failed 2-17 with one absence and one abstention.
But if anything, last night's vote underscored how the political influence of Kiryas Joel's critics has eclipsed that of the village in the county Legislature. The result follows the Legislature's 2004 decision to sue the village and stall its unrelated plan to draw water from the New York City Aqueduct.
As during that vote, County Executive Ed Diana stayed silent during the water tank debate, even though he had carried the proposal to the Legislature. Like two years ago, Legislator Michael Amo, R-Central Valley, whose district is dominated by Kiryas Joel, argued that the village was being singled out.
But several lawmakers who said they might have otherwise supported the water tank proposal said Kiryas Joel failed to convince him that building the tanks on the Gonzaga land was necessary.
After the vote, Kiryas Joel Administrator Gedalye Szegedin said the village's options included building a pumping station, erecting a higher tower or trying to take the parkland by eminent domain.
Thursday, July 06, 2006
Bullied kids have more behavioral problems
Bullied kids have more behavioral problems Thu Jul 6, 12:18 PM ET
Children who are bullied during their early school years may experience behavior problems as a result, new study findings suggest.
"Our results indicate that bullying victimization in the early school years is an influential experience for a child's behavioral development and mental health problems," study author Dr. Louise Arseneault, of King's College, London, and her colleagues write.
"Prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing mental health problems during childhood should target bullying as an important risk factor," they add.
According to previous research, victimization may be associated with mental health problems in adults. It is also known that some mental health problems in adults stem from poor mental health in childhood. In the current study, Arseneault and her team investigated bullying in childhood, looking at the extent to which bullying contributed to later adjustment problems.
They analyzed information for 2,232 subjects who participated in home-visit assessments at 5 years old and follow-up assessments at age 7.
Those assessments revealed that the majority of children had never bullied another child or experienced bullying between ages 5 and 7. However, 14.4 percent were "pure victims" and 6.2 percent were "bully/victims," children who had been bullied and who also victimized others. Another 1,387 children who were not involved in bullying served as a comparison, or "control," group.
Both groups of children had significantly more behavior problems and problems adjusting in school at 7 years old, compared with the control children, the investigators report in the journal Pediatrics.
Pure victims had more internalizing problems, such as being withdrawn, anxious or depressed, and were also more unhappy at school compared with children in the control group.
Bully/victims also had internalizing problems. In addition, they had fewer prosocial behaviors, such as being considerate of other people's feelings; and were less happy at school at age 7 compared with the pure victims and children in the control group.
In light of their findings, "bullying could be regarded as a stressful life event that might influence children's normal development," Arseneault and her co-authors conclude.
Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.
Abraham Lincoln
Children who are bullied during their early school years may experience behavior problems as a result, new study findings suggest.
"Our results indicate that bullying victimization in the early school years is an influential experience for a child's behavioral development and mental health problems," study author Dr. Louise Arseneault, of King's College, London, and her colleagues write.
"Prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing mental health problems during childhood should target bullying as an important risk factor," they add.
According to previous research, victimization may be associated with mental health problems in adults. It is also known that some mental health problems in adults stem from poor mental health in childhood. In the current study, Arseneault and her team investigated bullying in childhood, looking at the extent to which bullying contributed to later adjustment problems.
They analyzed information for 2,232 subjects who participated in home-visit assessments at 5 years old and follow-up assessments at age 7.
Those assessments revealed that the majority of children had never bullied another child or experienced bullying between ages 5 and 7. However, 14.4 percent were "pure victims" and 6.2 percent were "bully/victims," children who had been bullied and who also victimized others. Another 1,387 children who were not involved in bullying served as a comparison, or "control," group.
Both groups of children had significantly more behavior problems and problems adjusting in school at 7 years old, compared with the control children, the investigators report in the journal Pediatrics.
Pure victims had more internalizing problems, such as being withdrawn, anxious or depressed, and were also more unhappy at school compared with children in the control group.
Bully/victims also had internalizing problems. In addition, they had fewer prosocial behaviors, such as being considerate of other people's feelings; and were less happy at school at age 7 compared with the pure victims and children in the control group.
In light of their findings, "bullying could be regarded as a stressful life event that might influence children's normal development," Arseneault and her co-authors conclude.
Give me six hours to chop down a tree and I will spend the first four sharpening the axe.
Abraham Lincoln
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